Compound Return Explained: What It Is, How It Works, and Examples

What is compound return?

The compound return, often expressed as a percentage, reflects the cumulative impact of gains or losses on an initial capital amount over a specific time frame. This percentage is typically expressed annually, signifying the annualized rate at which capital compounds over time.

When expressed in annual terms, a compound return is commonly referred to as the compound annual growth rate (CAGR).

Understanding compound return

Compound return is considered a more precise measure of an investment’s performance over time when compared to average returns. The reason for this is that the average annual return does not account for compounding, resulting in a significant misrepresentation of an investor’s actual returns. Average returns can either overstate or understate the growth or decline in returns. In contrast, compound returns factor in volatility, ensuring that it is accurately reflected in the calculations.

Calculations and example of compound return

Let’s break down compound return with an example. Suppose you begin with an initial investment of $1,000. If you multiply $1,000 by 1.1 (representing a 10% return) five times, you will end up with approximately $1,611. This means that the investment has generated a 10% annual compound return over that five-year period.

Here’s the calculation for each year:

• Year 1: $1,000 x 10% = $1,100
• Year 2: $1,100 x 10% = $1,210
• Year 3: $1,210 x 10% = $1,331
• Year 4: $1,331 x 10% = $1,464.10
• Year 5: $1,464 x 10% = $1,610.51

It’s essential to note that this doesn’t mean the investment appreciated by 10% each year. Even if there was no growth for the first four years and a 61.1% return in the fifth year, it would still equate to a 10% annual compound return over the entire five-year period. The final amount would be the same as if the $1,000 had grown by a steady 10% each year.

Comparing compound return to average returns

When calculating returns using average returns, the result can be misleading. In the example mentioned above, where there was no growth for the first four years and a 61.1% return in the fifth year, the average return would be calculated as follows:

(0% + 0% + 0% + 0% + 61.1%) / 5 = 12.22%

This illustrates how average returns can exaggerate the actual performance of an investment due to their inability to factor in compounding and volatility.

Frequently asked questions

What is the significance of compound return in personal finance?

Compound return is vital in personal finance as it accurately represents the true performance of an investment over time. It accounts for compounding and volatility, offering investors a clear measure of their returns.

How does compound return differ from average returns?

Compound return considers the compounding effect, while average returns do not. This means that compound return provides a more precise measure of growth or decline in investments, whereas average returns can lead to misleading conclusions.

Is compound return suitable for all types of investments?

Compound return is particularly useful for long-term investments where compounding plays a significant role. For short-term investments or those with irregular performance, it may not provide a clear picture of returns.