What is a Closed Mortgage?

When planning to purchase a home, most homeowners will require a mortgage. However, there’s no one-size-fits-all mortgage, and you’ll need to look for the best that suits you best. Closed mortgages are ideal for homebuyers who are not planning to move soon and who are willing to agree to a longer-term commitment to reduced interest rates.

Closed mortgages also disallow pledging collateral already committed to other parties. A closed-end mortgage is one of the most restrictive mortgage types. Once you sign the agreement, you cannot refinance the home, renegotiate the terms, or use it as equity.

This mortgage type offers limited prepayment privileges. However, close-end mortgages also attract a payment penalty if you pay more to the principal than the combined total of the typical monthly payment and the privileges.

A prepayment penalty applies when you exceed the agreed payment privileges. This is done through increasing monthly mortgage payments, refinancing the mortgage before the term’s end, or making partial principal reductions through a lump sum payment.

In the above example, you find a mortgage lender willing to refinance your mortgage at 3% in the second year of the mortgage. The prepayment penalties will apply if you refinance the mortgage before the five-year term ends.

Sometimes, mortgage lenders provide closed mortgages to mitigate risk when financing borrowers. Should you enter bankruptcy or default on the mortgage, the lender has ensured that no other lenders will claim the house as collateral through a closed-end mortgage. The lender can change the mortgage contract to offer reduced interest rates.

With closed mortgages, you cannot renegotiate, refinance, or repay until you’ve paid off the entire mortgage, or at least a substantial fee. However, closed mortgages come with lower interest rates, as lenders view them as low risks.

On the other hand, you can pay an open mortgage early. You can make payments at any time, meaning you can pay off your mortgage faster without incurring extra charges. Open-end mortgages, however, come with a higher interest rate.

Another form of mortgage is known as a “convertible mortgage.” Convertible mortgages borrow the characteristics of both open and closed mortgages to offer the best mortgage rates. While this may sound like the obvious choice, convertible mortgages also fluctuate with the change in interest rates. This is important to keep in mind when deciding upon the best mortgage for you.

When applying for a mortgage, deciding between a closed or an open mortgage isn’t the only determining factor. The interest rates can either be fixed or variable. Lenders will typically give various combinations of closed and open, fixed-rate, and variable mortgages.

The fixed rates are normally higher than variable rates since they get the stability of the mortgage rates for the entire loan term, even if the interest rates increase. A fixed-rate could be ideal if you prefer a stable interest rate to help you budget correctly or believe the rates might increase during the loan term. On the other hand, the variable rate could be best if you can monitor the changes in interest rates, absorb the possible increase, and believe the rates will remain stable.

If you can take out a home equity line—for instance, if your primary mortgage is open-end—your new financing could be a closed-end second mortgage. This financing type can’t allow you to take out more money against the property, unlike a home equity line of credit (HELOC).

If you’re planning to take a closed mortgage, ensure you fully review and understand the terms and conditions. While the low-interest rates could attract you, you’ll be limited on how to structure your finances. For instance, if you want to pay your loan early, you’ll incur a penalty.

It varies by lender, but you can often get out of a closed mortgage by paying a penalty of three months’ interest.

This depends on your personal finance and personal situation. Closed mortgages have more restrictions but a lower interest rate, and open mortgages allow for different payment amounts but may lead to larger interest payments depending on the market.

A closed mortgage will allow you to make extra payments of up to 20% of the mortgage principal annually. Also, you can increase the monthly payment by 20% annually and increase the monthly mortgage payment by $50 minimum and up to 20% maximum on the agreed payment amount per year.