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IRS Letter 3172: What it Means and How to Fix It

Silas Bamigbola avatar image
Last updated 10/30/2024 by
Silas Bamigbola
Fact checked by
Ante Mazalin
Summary:
The IRS issues Letter 3172 to notify taxpayers about a federal tax lien on their property due to unpaid tax debts. This letter serves as an official notice and informs you of your right to request a hearing under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) 6320. Understanding this notice and acting quickly can help you manage tax obligations and potentially remove the lien. In this article, we will explain the importance of Letter 3172, the steps to take upon receiving it, and ways to resolve the tax lien effectively.
Receiving IRS Letter 3172, known as the “Notice of Federal Tax Lien Filing and Your Right to a Hearing Under IRC 6320,” can be alarming. It means the IRS has placed a lien on your property because of unpaid federal taxes. This lien gives the government a legal claim to your property, which can impact your credit score and make selling assets or accessing credit difficult. Understanding the implications of this notice and responding promptly is essential to protect your financial future. This article will guide you through the steps to take with Letter 3172, explaining what it means and how you can address the situation.
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What is IRS letter 3172?

Letter 3172 is a formal notice from the IRS that informs you about a Notice of Federal Tax Lien (NFTL) filed against your property. The lien secures the government’s interest in your assets because of unpaid tax debts. The notice includes details about the unpaid balances, usually found on Form 668(Y)(c), enclosed with the letter. Letter 3172 not only notifies you of the lien but also informs you about your rights, including the option to request a hearing to appeal the lien under IRC 6320.

Pro Tip

Act quickly when you receive Letter 3172 to avoid further IRS collection actions. Responding promptly can prevent additional penalties and interest from accumulating.

Why did the IRS send me letter 3172?

The IRS sends Letter 3172 when a taxpayer has unpaid federal tax liabilities and the agency has decided to file a tax lien as a way to collect the debt. This action usually follows multiple unsuccessful attempts to contact you and collect the unpaid taxes. The IRS can file the lien against various assets, including real estate, vehicles, and other personal property, as well as future income. The agency takes this step to ensure it can collect the owed taxes before other creditors if your financial situation worsens.

How a federal tax lien affects you

A federal tax lien can have significant consequences for your financial well-being. Here’s how it may impact you:
  • Credit score: A tax lien becomes a public record, which may lower your credit score. This could make it harder to secure loans or lines of credit.
  • Asset ownership: The lien attaches to your current and future assets, such as real estate, vehicles, and bank accounts. Selling property with a lien may require you to pay off the lien first.
  • Business impacts: If you own a business, the lien may affect its assets, potentially disrupting operations and access to capital.
  • Tax refunds: The IRS may apply any future tax refunds to your unpaid debt until you resolve the lien.

Steps to take after receiving IRS letter 3172

Receiving a Letter 3172 demands immediate attention. Here’s what you should do:

1. Review the letter carefully

Read through Letter 3172 and the enclosed Form 668(Y)(c) to understand the tax amount owed and the specific periods involved. Check for accuracy, as mistakes can occasionally occur in IRS records.

2. Verify your tax liability

Double-check your tax records to confirm that you owe the amount listed. If you’ve already paid or set up payment arrangements, contact the IRS to resolve any discrepancies.

3. Request a collection due process (CDP) hearing

You have 30 days to request a Collection Due Process (CDP) hearing after receiving Letter 3172. A CDP hearing lets you appeal the lien, propose alternative payment options, or argue that the IRS filed the lien in error. To request a hearing, complete Form 12153, “Request for a Collection Due Process or Equivalent Hearing,” and submit it to the IRS.

4. Consider payment options to resolve the lien

Resolving the unpaid tax debt is the best way to remove the lien. The IRS offers several payment options, including:
  • Full payment: Paying the full amount owed will lead to the IRS releasing the lien within 30 days.
  • Installment agreement: Setting up a payment plan lets you pay the debt over time. This may qualify you for a lien withdrawal under certain conditions.
  • Offer in compromise (OIC): If you can’t pay the full amount, you may qualify for an OIC, which lets you settle the debt for less than the full balance owed.

Pro Tip

Consider consulting a tax professional if you receive a federal tax lien. They can help you explore payment options, request a hearing, or negotiate with the IRS for a lien withdrawal.

What happens if you don’t respond to letter 3172?

Ignoring a Letter 3172 can cause serious problems, including:
  • Increased collection actions: The IRS may escalate efforts, such as wage garnishment, bank levies, or seizing assets.
  • Accumulation of penalties and interest: The longer the debt remains unpaid, the more interest and penalties will accumulate, increasing the total amount you owe.
  • Impact on future financial transactions: The lien may hinder buying or selling property, securing loans, or accessing credit until you resolve the debt.

How to remove a federal tax lien

If you want to remove the lien, consider these options:

1. Pay the tax debt in full

The simplest way to remove the lien is by paying the tax debt in full. The IRS will release the lien within 30 days of full payment.

2. Request a lien withdrawal

You may request a lien withdrawal after setting up an installment agreement or proving the IRS filed the lien in error. A withdrawal removes the public notice of the lien, erasing it from your records.

3. Apply for a discharge of the lien

A discharge removes the lien from specific property, making it easier to sell or refinance the asset. This may be an option if you are selling a home or other property and need to clear the title.

4. Subordination of the lien

Subordination does not remove the lien but allows other creditors to take priority over the IRS for payment. This can help you secure a loan or refinance an existing mortgage.
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Frequently asked questions

What is a notice of federal tax lien?

A notice of federal tax lien is a public document filed by the IRS to alert creditors that the government has a legal claim against your property due to unpaid tax debts. This notice usually follows the IRS assessing your tax liability and sending a bill that remains unpaid. The lien applies to all your assets, including property, vehicles, and future income, potentially affecting your ability to secure loans or sell assets.

Can I negotiate with the IRS to remove the lien?

Yes, you can negotiate with the IRS, and several options exist to address a tax lien. These include setting up an installment agreement to pay off the debt over time, submitting an offer in compromise to settle the debt for less, or requesting a lien withdrawal if filed in error or under qualifying circumstances. A tax professional can help you choose the best approach.

What happens if I sell my property with a tax lien?

If you sell your property with a tax lien, you’ll likely need to satisfy the lien before completing the sale. This means the sale proceeds must go toward paying off the debt. In some cases, you may request a discharge of the lien, which removes it from the specific property. The IRS may grant this if the sale proceeds help pay part or all of the debt.

How can I find out if the IRS filed a tax lien against me?

You can check if the IRS filed a tax lien against you by reviewing public records or contacting the IRS directly. Tax liens appear in local county or state recording offices, where they become public records. Also, the IRS should send you Letter 3172, which notifies you of the lien and your right to request a hearing.

Will paying the tax debt automatically remove the lien from my record?

Paying the tax debt will prompt the IRS to release the lien within 30 days, but it doesn’t automatically erase the record. After the lien is released, you can request a lien withdrawal to remove the public record. A lien withdrawal effectively erases the lien notice from your credit history, which can improve your credit score.
Need help understanding other IRS letters and notices? Visit our comprehensive guide to IRS Letters and Notices or search for the document you received in the table below.
IRS Letter or Notice Number
Notice Description
CP01The IRS verified your claim of identity theft and will monitor your account.
CP01HThe IRS received a tax return with a social security number that belongs to a dead person.
CP02HMoney is due on an amended return based on a grant received due to Hurricane Katrina, Rita, or Wilma.
CP03CYou received the First-Time Homebuyer Credit for a house you purchased.
CP04You may be eligible for tax deferment because either you or a spouse served in a combat zone, a qualified contingency operation, or a hazardous duty station during the tax year specified on your notice.
CP08You may be entitled to additional money due to the Additional Child Tax Credit.
CP10Your tax return changed due to a miscalculation, and the refund you wanted to apply to an estimated tax payment has changed.
CP10AYour tax return changed due to a miscalculation of the Earned Income Credit, and the refund you wanted to apply to an estimated tax payment has changed.
CP11You owe money because the IRS amended your return due to a miscalculation.
CP11AYour tax return changed due to a miscalculation of the Earned Income Credit, and the refund you wanted to apply to an estimated tax payment also changed.
CP11MYour tax return changed due to a miscalculation of the Making Work Pay and Government Retiree Credit, and the refund you wanted to apply to an estimated tax payment has changed.
CP12You are due a bigger refund because the IRS corrected one or more mistakes on your tax return.
CP12AThe IRS made changes to correct the Earned Income Credit (EIC) claimed on your tax return.
CP12E or CP12FThe IRS corrected a miscalculation on your return.
CP12MThe IRS made changes to the computation of the Making Work Pay and/or Government Retiree Credits on your return.
CP12RThe IRS made changes to the computation of the Rebate Recovery Credit on your return.
CP13The IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation. There is no refund or amount due. Your balance is zero.
CP13AThe IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation of the Earned Income Credit. There is no refund or amount due. Your balance is zero.
CP13MThe IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation of the Making Work Pay credit or the Government Retiree Credit. There is no refund or amount due. Your balance is zero.
CP13RThe IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation of the Recovery Rebate Credit. There is no refund or amount due. Your balance is zero.
CP14You owe money on unpaid taxes.
CP16The IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation. The refund you were due was applied to other tax debts.
CP21AYou owe money due to the changes you requested that the IRS make on your tax returns.
CP21BYou are due a refund due to the changes you requested that the IRS make on your tax returns. The money should arrive within 2 to 3 weeks.
CP21CThe IRS made the requested changes to your tax return. You will not receive a refund, and there is no tax due. Your balance is zero.
CP21EAs a result of your recent audit, the IRS made changes to your tax return, and you owe money as a result of those changes.
CP21IThe IRS made changes to your tax return relating to the Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA) taxes. You owe money due to the changes.
CP22AThe IRS made the changes you requested, and you owe money as a result.
CP22EAs a result of your recent audit, the IRS changed your tax return, and you now owe money.
CP22IThe IRS made changes to your tax return relating to the Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA) taxes. You owe money due to the changes.
CP23The IRS changed your return because there was a difference between the amount of estimated tax payments listed on your tax return and the amount actually posted to your account. You owe taxes due to these changes.
CP24The IRS changed your return because there was a difference between the amount of estimated tax payments listed on your tax return and the amount actually posted to your account. This resulted in an overpayment of estimated taxes.
CP24EThe IRS changed your return because there was a difference between the amount of estimated tax payments listed on your tax return and the amount actually posted to your account. This resulted in an overpayment of estimated taxes.
CP25The IRS changed your return because there was a difference between the amount of estimated tax payments listed on your tax return and the amount actually posted to your account. You are not due a refund, nor do you owe any money. Your balance is zero.
CP31You need to update your address because your refund check was returned to the IRS.
CP45The IRS was unable to apply your overpayment to your estimated tax as you requested.
CP49The IRS used all or part of your refund to pay a tax debt.
CP53Your refund check will be sent by mail because the IRS can’t provide your refund through direct deposit.
CP57The bank declined your payment, so the IRS was unable to draft funds from your bank account.
CP71A reminder of the amount you owe in tax, penalty, and interest.
CP71AA reminder of the amount you owe in tax, penalty, and interest.
CP71CA reminder of the amount you owe in tax, penalty, and interest.
CP71DA reminder of the amount you owe in tax, penalty, and interest.
CP88The IRS is holding your refund because you haven't filed one or more tax returns, and it believes you will owe tax.
CP90The IRS is notifying you of its intent to levy certain assets for unpaid taxes. You have the right to dispute the levy in a Collection Due Process hearing.
CP91The IRS will levy up to 15% of your social security benefits for unpaid taxes.
CP120The IRS needs documentation of your tax-exempt status.
CP120AYour organization’s tax-exempt status has been revoked because it failed to file a Form 990 series return for three consecutive years.
CP130You may no longer need to pay the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) because your tax return filing requirements changed.
CP152The IRS received your return.
CP153The IRS will send your refund by mail because your direct deposit did not go through.
CP161You have an unpaid balance due to the IRS.
CP166Your monthly payment to the IRS did not go through due to insufficient funds in your bank account.
CP178You may no longer owe excise tax because your tax return filing requirements changed.
CP231You need to update your address because your refund was returned to the IRS.
CP259You did not file the business tax return identified in the notice.
CP259AYou should have filed these forms but did not – Form 990/990-EZ, Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax, or Form 990-N (e-Postcard).
CP259BThe IRS requires you to file these forms but did not – Form 990-PF, Return of Private Foundation or Section 4947(a)(1) Nonexempt Charitable Trust Treated as a Private Foundation.
CP259CThe IRS believes that you are a private foundation, but did not file the required Form 990-PF, Return of Private Foundation or Section 4947(a)(1) Nonexempt Charitable Trust Treated as a Private Foundation.
CP259DYou must file this form, but you did not – Form 990-T, Exempt Organization Business Income Tax Return.
CP259EYou should have filed this form, but you did not – Form 990-N (e-Postcard) or Form 990/990-EZ, Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax.
CP259FThe IRS requires you to file this form but did not – Form 5227, Split-Interest Trust Information Return.
CP259GThe IRS requires you to file this form, but you didn’t – Form 1120-POL, U.S. Income Tax Return for Certain Political Organizations.
CP259HAs a tax-exempt political organization, you must file this form, but you did not – Form 990/990-EZ, Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax.
CP276AYou submitted your tax liability schedule incorrectly. The IRS typically charges a Federal Tax Deposit (FTD) penalty for this but did not this time.
CP276BThe IRS did not receive the correct amount of tax deposits. It normally charges a Federal Tax Deposit (FTD) penalty but did not this time.
CP297The IRS is notifying you of its intent to levy certain assets for unpaid taxes. You have the right to dispute the levy at a Collection Due Process hearing.
CP297AThe IRS has levied your assets for unpaid taxes. You have the right to dispute the levy at a Collection Due Process hearing.
CP298The IRS notifying you of its intent to levy up to 15% of your social security benefits for unpaid taxes.
CP501You have a balance due on one of your tax accounts.
CP503You have an unpaid balance on one of your accounts, and the IRS has not heard from you.
CP504You have an unpaid amount due on your account. If you do not pay immediately, the IRS will levy your state income tax refund to apply it to the amount you owe.
CP504BYou have an unpaid amount due on your account. If you do not pay immediately, the IRS will levy certain property or rights to property to apply it to the amount you owe.
CP521A reminder that you have an installment agreement payment due.
CP523You have defaulted on your payment agreement. Therefore the IRS is terminating the agreement and will levy your assets.
CP601Usted tiene un saldo pendiente de pago (dinero que le debe al IRS) en una de sus cuentas contributivas.
CP603No hemos recibido respuesta de parte de usted y todavía tiene un saldo sin pagar en una de sus cuentas contributivas.
CP604Usted tiene un saldo sin pagar en su cuenta. De no pagar esta cantidad inmediatemente, el IRS embargará cualquier reembolso de impuestos estatales al que tenga derecho y aplicarlo al pago de su deuda.
CP604BUsted tiene un saldo sin pagar en su cuenta. De no pagar esta cantidad inmediatemente, el IRS embargará ciertas propiedades o derechos de propiedad y lo aplicará al pago de su deuda.
CP621Este aviso es para notificarle que usted tiene un plan de pagos a plazos vencido. Por favor, envíe el pago inmediatamente.
CP623Este aviso es para informarle nuestra intención de cancelar su plan de pagos a plazos y confiscar (embargar) sus bienes. Usted incumplió en su acuerdo.
CP711Nosotros realizamos cambios a su planilla debido a que entendemos que hubo un cálculo erróneo. Como resultado de estos cambios, usted adeuda dinero por sus contribuciones.
CP721Hicimos el(los) cambio(s) que usted solicitó a su declaración de impuestos para el año tributario que aparece en su aviso. Como resultado de éste(estos) cambio(s) usted debe dinero en sus impuestos.
CP722Hicimos el(los) cambio(s) que usted solicitó a su declaración de impuestos para el año tributario que aparece en su aviso. Como resultado de éste(estos) cambio(s) usted debe dinero en sus impuestos.
CP771Usted recibió este aviso para recordarle sobre la cantidad que adeuda en contribuciones, multas e intereses.
CP772Usted recibió este aviso para recordarle sobre la cantidad que adeuda en contribuciones, multas e intereses.
CP773Usted recibió este aviso para recordarle sobre la cantidad que adeuda en contribuciones, multas e intereses.
CP774Usted recibió este aviso para recordarle sobre la cantidad que adeuda en contribuciones, multas e intereses.
CP959Usted no radicó su planilla de contribución de negocios identificada en este aviso.
CP2000The income or payment information on file doesn’t match your tax return. The discrepancy may result in an increase or decrease in your tax due.
CP3219AThe IRS has received information that is different from what you reported on your tax return. This may result in an increase or decrease in your tax.
CP3219NThe IRS didn’t receive your tax return, so it calculated your return based on the information received from employers, financial institutions, and others. If you want to challenge the proposed tax, you have 90 days from the date of this notice. If you are outside the country, you have 150 days.
Letter 0012CThe IRS needs additional information to process your tax return.
Letter 0484CThe IRS wants a completed
Letter 0525Updates you on proposed changes after an IRS examination. Any changes are explained and details the refund due or taxes owed.
Letter 531IRS Notice of Deficiency. The information the IRS received about you was different from what you reported on your return.
Letter 0668D(LP 68)The IRS released their levy.
Letter 0549CYour tax bill was paid.
Letter 0681CThe IRS accepted your payment proposal. However, this is not a formal Installment Agreement.
Letter 0757CYou did not adhere to the terms of your Installment Agreement.
Letter LT 11The IRS plans to seize your property or rights to property.
Letter 1058The IRS has not received your payment. It plans to seize your property or rights to property.
Letter 1615 (LT 18)You must respond to the IRS within 10 days of this notice regarding past due tax returns.
Letter 1737 (LT 27)Complete and sign Form 433F, Collection Information Statement.
Letter 1961CYour application for a Direct Debit Installment Agreement was declined. It explains why and what you need to do to qualify.
Letter 1962CYour application for a
Letter 2050 (LT 16)The IRS is trying to collect unpaid taxes from you from returns that have been filed or from returns that have not been filed.
Letter 2257CThe IRS is providing the payoff amount that you requested.
Letter 226-JAn IRS letter to large employers notifying them that they may be liable for an Employer Shared Responsibility Payment (ESRP).
Letter 2271CA request for an Installment Agreement has been approved. It explains the fees and how to qualify for a Low Income Fee Reduction. The letter may also request missing information.
Letter 2272CAn IRS letter explaining why your request to pay the balance due in installments was declined.
Letter 2273CA confirmation letter of your request to pay the balance due in installments. It contained the amount to pay, fees charged, and where to send payment. Instructions on how to apply for the Low Income Fee Reduction included.
Letter 2318CA response to a request to pay taxes due to payroll deductions. It also explains the fees that are charged.
Letter 2357CThe IRS is admitting that it did not send you the balance due notices that it should have.
Letter 2603CThe IRS accepted your installment agreement. The IRS will file a Notice of Federal Tax Lien on your personal property.
Letter 2604CThe IRS has accepted your request for installment payments. This IRS letter provides the monthly payment, the address where to send it, and the fees charged. The letter also provides instructions on how to apply for the Low Income Fee Reduction.
Letter 2761CThe IRS is requesting your combat zone service dates to ensure that it provides you with the special provisions and protection of the combat zone deferment. Copies of military orders or other documentation to support your time served may be requested. Civilians working in support of the Armed Forces may be required to provide a Letter of Authorization or a letter from their employer.
Letter 2789CAn annual reminder notice, as required by law, of the balance due to the IRS. It explains that penalties and interest continue to accrue until the balance is fully paid.
Letter 2840CConfirms your Installment Agreement request and includes the payment amount and due date. This IRS letter explains the fees charged for paying monthly and explains how to apply for the Low Income Fee Reduction (if you qualify).
Letter 3030CProvides an explanation of the tax, penalty, and interest still due on your account.
Letter 3127CA confirmation of your request to make a change to your Installment Agreement. This IRS letter explains the fees for the change. Changes can be to the payment amount or due date, or it can include additional liabilities.
Letter 3174A reminder of taxes due after the IRS has sent a Notice of Intent to Levy.
Letter 3217CThe IRS has accepted your request to pay the balance in installments. This IRS letter provides your payment amount, the due date, and fees charged. The letter also provides instructions on applying for the Low Income Fee Reduction (if you qualify).
Letter 3228 (LT 39)A request to pay the balance due within 10 days using the envelope provided.
Letter 3500The IRS has received your documents, and it needs additional time to review them.
Letter 3572Your Federal Income Tax Return has been selected for examination. The IRS auditor requests that you call to schedule an audit appointment.
Letter 4883CThe IRS received your federal income tax return but needs more information to verify your identity in order to process your tax return accurately.
Letter 4903 (LT 26)You must file your tax returns immediately. The IRS has previously contacted you, but it did not receive a response.
Letter LP 47The IRS is trying to locate the person identified in the letter and is requesting that you provide their new address.
Letter LP 59The IRS has not received a response to the notice of levy it previously sent.
Audit Letter 2205The IRS manages audits either by mail or through an in-person interview to review your records. The interview may be at an IRS office (office audit) or the taxpayer’s home, place of business, or accountant’s office (field audit).
Letter 915You recently underwent an audit, and the IRS informs you that you now owe taxes.

Key takeaways

  • IRS Letter 3172 notifies taxpayers of a federal tax lien filed due to unpaid tax debts.
  • The lien affects your property, credit score, and ability to access credit.
  • Requesting a Collection Due Process hearing within 30 days can help contest the lien.
  • Paying off the tax debt, setting up payment plans, or applying for a lien withdrawal are ways to resolve the lien.

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