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IRS Letter 3185: Steps to Take for Business Underpayment

Silas Bamigbola avatar image
Last updated 11/24/2024 by
Silas Bamigbola
Fact checked by
Ante Mazalin
Summary:
IRS Letter 3185 is issued to business owners, particularly those filing as self-employed, when the IRS identifies discrepancies in Schedule C reporting, leading to a determination of underpayment. The notice outlines adjustments made by the IRS, explains the underpayment amount, and provides information on payment options, appeals, and deadlines. This article covers the steps to understand, respond to, and potentially dispute IRS Letter 3185.
Receiving IRS Letter 3185 can be unsettling, as it suggests an underpayment in your business taxes, typically due to reporting errors on Schedule C. For business owners, this notice outlines the IRS’s findings, the adjustments made, and the amount due. Responding quickly and carefully is essential, whether you agree with the assessment or intend to appeal. This guide breaks down each part of Letter 3185, helping you understand what it means, how to respond, and your options if you disagree with the IRS’s determination.

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What is IRS Letter 3185?

IRS Letter 3185 is sent to business taxpayers, such as sole proprietors or those filing self-employment income, when the IRS finds inconsistencies or errors on Schedule C. This letter informs you of an underpayment resulting from adjustments made by the IRS, often due to reporting discrepancies, such as unreported income or improper deductions. The letter will explain the adjustments, outline the total amount owed, and provide instructions for paying or disputing the determination.
Struggling with IRS notices? If you’ve received an IRS letter and aren’t sure how to handle it, you might want to explore professional tax relief options. Optima Tax Relief has helped thousands of people resolve their tax issues and get back on track with the IRS. Learn more about how they can assist you with your situation.

Why was IRS Letter 3185 sent to you?

The IRS sends Letter 3185 when there is an issue with the information reported on your Schedule C. Common reasons include:
  • Unreported business income discovered through IRS data matching.
  • Errors in claimed deductions that do not meet IRS requirements.
  • Inconsistencies between reported income and information received from third parties.

Pro Tip

If you’re unsure about the specifics of the adjustments on IRS Letter 3185, compare it line-by-line with your original tax return to spot discrepancies. This can help you identify any items that might need further explanation or documentation.

How to respond to IRS Letter 3185

Receiving IRS Letter 3185 doesn’t necessarily mean you owe additional tax immediately. First, you should review the details carefully and take steps based on whether you agree or disagree with the adjustments.

Steps to take if you agree with the letter

If you agree with the adjustments outlined in Letter 3185, you’ll need to:
  • Review the details carefully to understand the basis of the adjustments.
  • Make a payment by the due date to avoid additional interest or penalties. The IRS provides several payment options, including online and by mail.
  • Update your records to reflect the changes and keep IRS Letter 3185 in your tax file for future reference.

Steps to take if you disagree with the letter

If you believe the IRS’s determination is incorrect, follow these steps to dispute it:
  • Gather documentation supporting your position, such as income records or receipts for claimed deductions.
  • Follow the instructions in Letter 3185 to submit a formal appeal. This typically involves sending a written explanation along with supporting documents.
  • Respond by the due date on the letter to preserve your right to appeal.

Common reasons for discrepancies on Schedule C

Understanding why discrepancies might arise on Schedule C can help prevent future issues. Here are some common reasons:
  • Unreported income: Income reported to the IRS on Form 1099 but not included on Schedule C can lead to discrepancies.
  • Inaccurate deductions: Deductions must meet IRS requirements. For example, home office expenses need detailed records to qualify.
  • Misclassification of expenses: Certain expenses may be improperly classified, resulting in adjustments.

Pro Tip

Keep a copy of IRS Letter 3185 and any response you send for your records. This documentation will be useful if you need to follow up with the IRS or appeal the determination later.

Payment options if you owe additional taxes

If IRS Letter 3185 determines that you owe additional taxes, several payment options are available:
  • Online payment: The IRS allows direct payments online using bank accounts or debit/credit cards through their secure portal.
  • Installment agreement: If you cannot pay in full, you may apply for an installment agreement to pay the amount over time.
  • Offer in compromise: For taxpayers facing significant hardship, the IRS may accept an Offer in Compromise to settle the debt for less than the full amount.

What happens if you don’t respond to IRS Letter 3185?

Failing to respond to IRS Letter 3185 can lead to several consequences, including:
  • Accrued penalties and interest: The IRS will continue to charge interest and penalties on unpaid balances.
  • Collection actions: Unresolved balances may result in the IRS initiating collection actions such as wage garnishments or bank levies.
  • Limited appeal rights: Ignoring the letter may restrict your ability to dispute the issue later.

Pro Tip

If you’re struggling to pay the balance due on IRS Letter 3185, consider setting up a payment plan through the IRS’s online payment portal. This can help you avoid penalties while managing your cash flow.

Resources and support for responding to IRS Letter 3185

If you need additional guidance on responding to IRS Letter 3185, consider the following resources:
  • IRS Interactive Tax Assistant: This online tool helps answer questions about IRS notices and tax obligations.
  • Local IRS offices: You can visit a local IRS office for in-person support (appointment may be required).
  • Tax professionals: Certified tax preparers, CPAs, and tax attorneys can offer specialized assistance for complex cases.
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Frequently asked questions

What should I do if I can’t pay the amount due on IRS Letter 3185?

If you’re unable to pay the full amount specified on IRS Letter 3185, there are options available to you. The IRS offers installment agreements that allow you to pay over time. You can apply for a payment plan directly on the IRS website, or contact them by phone to discuss the details. Additionally, if you’re experiencing financial hardship, you may qualify for an Offer in Compromise, which could allow you to settle the tax debt for less than the full amount owed.

How can I check the status of my appeal after responding to IRS Letter 3185?

After submitting your appeal, you can check its status by calling the IRS at the number provided on the letter or by visiting a local IRS office. Be prepared to provide your taxpayer identification number and other verification details. The IRS may take several weeks to review and process your appeal, so it’s important to allow adequate time for a response.

What should I do if I believe the IRS made an error in calculating my Schedule C income?

If you suspect an error in the IRS’s calculation of your Schedule C income, gather documentation such as income records, invoices, and receipts that support your reported amounts. Then, follow the instructions on IRS Letter 3185 to submit a written explanation and relevant documentation. This information will help the IRS review your case and make any necessary corrections.

Is there a deadline for responding to IRS Letter 3185?

Yes, IRS Letter 3185 includes a specific deadline by which you must respond. This date is crucial, as missing it can limit your appeal rights and lead to further penalties or interest charges. Always check the letter for the exact deadline, and if you need more time to gather documents or seek assistance, contact the IRS to discuss your options.

Can I consult a tax professional to help with IRS Letter 3185?

Absolutely. Consulting a tax professional, such as a CPA or tax attorney, can be beneficial, especially if the underpayment or discrepancies are complex. A tax professional can help you understand the adjustments, prepare an appeal, and communicate with the IRS on your behalf. In some cases, they may also be able to negotiate payment terms or explore other resolution options.
Need help understanding other IRS letters and notices? Visit our comprehensive guide to IRS Letters and Notices or search for the document you received in the table below.
IRS Letter or Notice Number
Notice Description
CP01The IRS verified your claim of identity theft and will monitor your account.
CP01HThe IRS received a tax return with a social security number that belongs to a dead person.
CP02HMoney is due on an amended return based on a grant received due to Hurricane Katrina, Rita, or Wilma.
CP03CYou received the First-Time Homebuyer Credit for a house you purchased.
CP04You may be eligible for tax deferment because either you or a spouse served in a combat zone, a qualified contingency operation, or a hazardous duty station during the tax year specified on your notice.
CP08You may be entitled to additional money due to the Additional Child Tax Credit.
CP10Your tax return changed due to a miscalculation, and the refund you wanted to apply to an estimated tax payment has changed.
CP10AYour tax return changed due to a miscalculation of the Earned Income Credit, and the refund you wanted to apply to an estimated tax payment has changed.
CP11You owe money because the IRS amended your return due to a miscalculation.
CP11AYour tax return changed due to a miscalculation of the Earned Income Credit, and the refund you wanted to apply to an estimated tax payment also changed.
CP11MYour tax return changed due to a miscalculation of the Making Work Pay and Government Retiree Credit, and the refund you wanted to apply to an estimated tax payment has changed.
CP12You are due a bigger refund because the IRS corrected one or more mistakes on your tax return.
CP12AThe IRS made changes to correct the Earned Income Credit (EIC) claimed on your tax return.
CP12E or CP12FThe IRS corrected a miscalculation on your return.
CP12MThe IRS made changes to the computation of the Making Work Pay and/or Government Retiree Credits on your return.
CP12RThe IRS made changes to the computation of the Rebate Recovery Credit on your return.
CP13The IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation. There is no refund or amount due. Your balance is zero.
CP13AThe IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation of the Earned Income Credit. There is no refund or amount due. Your balance is zero.
CP13MThe IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation of the Making Work Pay credit or the Government Retiree Credit. There is no refund or amount due. Your balance is zero.
CP13RThe IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation of the Recovery Rebate Credit. There is no refund or amount due. Your balance is zero.
CP14You owe money on unpaid taxes.
CP16The IRS made changes to your return due to a miscalculation. The refund you were due was applied to other tax debts.
CP21AYou owe money due to the changes you requested that the IRS make on your tax returns.
CP21BYou are due a refund due to the changes you requested that the IRS make on your tax returns. The money should arrive within 2 to 3 weeks.
CP21CThe IRS made the requested changes to your tax return. You will not receive a refund, and there is no tax due. Your balance is zero.
CP21EAs a result of your recent audit, the IRS made changes to your tax return, and you owe money as a result of those changes.
CP21IThe IRS made changes to your tax return relating to the Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA) taxes. You owe money due to the changes.
CP22AThe IRS made the changes you requested, and you owe money as a result.
CP22EAs a result of your recent audit, the IRS changed your tax return, and you now owe money.
CP22IThe IRS made changes to your tax return relating to the Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA) taxes. You owe money due to the changes.
CP23The IRS changed your return because there was a difference between the amount of estimated tax payments listed on your tax return and the amount actually posted to your account. You owe taxes due to these changes.
CP24The IRS changed your return because there was a difference between the amount of estimated tax payments listed on your tax return and the amount actually posted to your account. This resulted in an overpayment of estimated taxes.
CP24EThe IRS changed your return because there was a difference between the amount of estimated tax payments listed on your tax return and the amount actually posted to your account. This resulted in an overpayment of estimated taxes.
CP25The IRS changed your return because there was a difference between the amount of estimated tax payments listed on your tax return and the amount actually posted to your account. You are not due a refund, nor do you owe any money. Your balance is zero.
CP31You need to update your address because your refund check was returned to the IRS.
CP45The IRS was unable to apply your overpayment to your estimated tax as you requested.
CP49The IRS used all or part of your refund to pay a tax debt.
CP53Your refund check will be sent by mail because the IRS can’t provide your refund through direct deposit.
CP57The bank declined your payment, so the IRS was unable to draft funds from your bank account.
CP71A reminder of the amount you owe in tax, penalty, and interest.
CP71AA reminder of the amount you owe in tax, penalty, and interest.
CP71CA reminder of the amount you owe in tax, penalty, and interest.
CP71DA reminder of the amount you owe in tax, penalty, and interest.
CP88The IRS is holding your refund because you haven't filed one or more tax returns, and it believes you will owe tax.
CP90The IRS is notifying you of its intent to levy certain assets for unpaid taxes. You have the right to dispute the levy in a Collection Due Process hearing.
CP91The IRS will levy up to 15% of your social security benefits for unpaid taxes.
CP120The IRS needs documentation of your tax-exempt status.
CP120AYour organization’s tax-exempt status has been revoked because it failed to file a Form 990 series return for three consecutive years.
CP130You may no longer need to pay the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) because your tax return filing requirements changed.
CP152The IRS received your return.
CP153The IRS will send your refund by mail because your direct deposit did not go through.
CP161You have an unpaid balance due to the IRS.
CP166Your monthly payment to the IRS did not go through due to insufficient funds in your bank account.
CP178You may no longer owe excise tax because your tax return filing requirements changed.
CP231You need to update your address because your refund was returned to the IRS.
CP259You did not file the business tax return identified in the notice.
CP259AYou should have filed these forms but did not – Form 990/990-EZ, Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax, or Form 990-N (e-Postcard).
CP259BThe IRS requires you to file these forms but did not – Form 990-PF, Return of Private Foundation or Section 4947(a)(1) Nonexempt Charitable Trust Treated as a Private Foundation.
CP259CThe IRS believes that you are a private foundation, but did not file the required Form 990-PF, Return of Private Foundation or Section 4947(a)(1) Nonexempt Charitable Trust Treated as a Private Foundation.
CP259DYou must file this form, but you did not – Form 990-T, Exempt Organization Business Income Tax Return.
CP259EYou should have filed this form, but you did not – Form 990-N (e-Postcard) or Form 990/990-EZ, Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax.
CP259FThe IRS requires you to file this form but did not – Form 5227, Split-Interest Trust Information Return.
CP259GThe IRS requires you to file this form, but you didn’t – Form 1120-POL, U.S. Income Tax Return for Certain Political Organizations.
CP259HAs a tax-exempt political organization, you must file this form, but you did not – Form 990/990-EZ, Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax.
CP276AYou submitted your tax liability schedule incorrectly. The IRS typically charges a Federal Tax Deposit (FTD) penalty for this but did not this time.
CP276BThe IRS did not receive the correct amount of tax deposits. It normally charges a Federal Tax Deposit (FTD) penalty but did not this time.
CP297The IRS is notifying you of its intent to levy certain assets for unpaid taxes. You have the right to dispute the levy at a Collection Due Process hearing.
CP297AThe IRS has levied your assets for unpaid taxes. You have the right to dispute the levy at a Collection Due Process hearing.
CP298The IRS notifying you of its intent to levy up to 15% of your social security benefits for unpaid taxes.
CP501You have a balance due on one of your tax accounts.
CP503You have an unpaid balance on one of your accounts, and the IRS has not heard from you.
CP504You have an unpaid amount due on your account. If you do not pay immediately, the IRS will levy your state income tax refund to apply it to the amount you owe.
CP504BYou have an unpaid amount due on your account. If you do not pay immediately, the IRS will levy certain property or rights to property to apply it to the amount you owe.
CP521A reminder that you have an installment agreement payment due.
CP523You have defaulted on your payment agreement. Therefore the IRS is terminating the agreement and will levy your assets.
CP601Usted tiene un saldo pendiente de pago (dinero que le debe al IRS) en una de sus cuentas contributivas.
CP603No hemos recibido respuesta de parte de usted y todavía tiene un saldo sin pagar en una de sus cuentas contributivas.
CP604Usted tiene un saldo sin pagar en su cuenta. De no pagar esta cantidad inmediatemente, el IRS embargará cualquier reembolso de impuestos estatales al que tenga derecho y aplicarlo al pago de su deuda.
CP604BUsted tiene un saldo sin pagar en su cuenta. De no pagar esta cantidad inmediatemente, el IRS embargará ciertas propiedades o derechos de propiedad y lo aplicará al pago de su deuda.
CP621Este aviso es para notificarle que usted tiene un plan de pagos a plazos vencido. Por favor, envíe el pago inmediatamente.
CP623Este aviso es para informarle nuestra intención de cancelar su plan de pagos a plazos y confiscar (embargar) sus bienes. Usted incumplió en su acuerdo.
CP711Nosotros realizamos cambios a su planilla debido a que entendemos que hubo un cálculo erróneo. Como resultado de estos cambios, usted adeuda dinero por sus contribuciones.
CP721Hicimos el(los) cambio(s) que usted solicitó a su declaración de impuestos para el año tributario que aparece en su aviso. Como resultado de éste(estos) cambio(s) usted debe dinero en sus impuestos.
CP722Hicimos el(los) cambio(s) que usted solicitó a su declaración de impuestos para el año tributario que aparece en su aviso. Como resultado de éste(estos) cambio(s) usted debe dinero en sus impuestos.
CP771Usted recibió este aviso para recordarle sobre la cantidad que adeuda en contribuciones, multas e intereses.
CP772Usted recibió este aviso para recordarle sobre la cantidad que adeuda en contribuciones, multas e intereses.
CP773Usted recibió este aviso para recordarle sobre la cantidad que adeuda en contribuciones, multas e intereses.
CP774Usted recibió este aviso para recordarle sobre la cantidad que adeuda en contribuciones, multas e intereses.
CP959Usted no radicó su planilla de contribución de negocios identificada en este aviso.
CP2000The income or payment information on file doesn’t match your tax return. The discrepancy may result in an increase or decrease in your tax due.
CP3219AThe IRS has received information that is different from what you reported on your tax return. This may result in an increase or decrease in your tax.
CP3219NThe IRS didn’t receive your tax return, so it calculated your return based on the information received from employers, financial institutions, and others. If you want to challenge the proposed tax, you have 90 days from the date of this notice. If you are outside the country, you have 150 days.
Letter 0012CThe IRS needs additional information to process your tax return.
Letter 0484CThe IRS wants a completed
Letter 0525Updates you on proposed changes after an IRS examination. Any changes are explained and details the refund due or taxes owed.
Letter 531IRS Notice of Deficiency. The information the IRS received about you was different from what you reported on your return.
Letter 0668D(LP 68)The IRS released their levy.
Letter 0549CYour tax bill was paid.
Letter 0681CThe IRS accepted your payment proposal. However, this is not a formal Installment Agreement.
Letter 0757CYou did not adhere to the terms of your Installment Agreement.
Letter LT 11The IRS plans to seize your property or rights to property.
Letter 1058The IRS has not received your payment. It plans to seize your property or rights to property.
Letter 1615 (LT 18)You must respond to the IRS within 10 days of this notice regarding past due tax returns.
Letter 1737 (LT 27)Complete and sign Form 433F, Collection Information Statement.
Letter 1961CYour application for a Direct Debit Installment Agreement was declined. It explains why and what you need to do to qualify.
Letter 1962CYour application for a
Letter 2050 (LT 16)The IRS is trying to collect unpaid taxes from you from returns that have been filed or from returns that have not been filed.
Letter 2257CThe IRS is providing the payoff amount that you requested.
Letter 226-JAn IRS letter to large employers notifying them that they may be liable for an Employer Shared Responsibility Payment (ESRP).
Letter 2271CA request for an Installment Agreement has been approved. It explains the fees and how to qualify for a Low Income Fee Reduction. The letter may also request missing information.
Letter 2272CAn IRS letter explaining why your request to pay the balance due in installments was declined.
Letter 2273CA confirmation letter of your request to pay the balance due in installments. It contained the amount to pay, fees charged, and where to send payment. Instructions on how to apply for the Low Income Fee Reduction included.
Letter 2318CA response to a request to pay taxes due to payroll deductions. It also explains the fees that are charged.
Letter 2357CThe IRS is admitting that it did not send you the balance due notices that it should have.
Letter 2603CThe IRS accepted your installment agreement. The IRS will file a Notice of Federal Tax Lien on your personal property.
Letter 2604CThe IRS has accepted your request for installment payments. This IRS letter provides the monthly payment, the address where to send it, and the fees charged. The letter also provides instructions on how to apply for the Low Income Fee Reduction.
Letter 2761CThe IRS is requesting your combat zone service dates to ensure that it provides you with the special provisions and protection of the combat zone deferment. Copies of military orders or other documentation to support your time served may be requested. Civilians working in support of the Armed Forces may be required to provide a Letter of Authorization or a letter from their employer.
Letter 2789CAn annual reminder notice, as required by law, of the balance due to the IRS. It explains that penalties and interest continue to accrue until the balance is fully paid.
Letter 2840CConfirms your Installment Agreement request and includes the payment amount and due date. This IRS letter explains the fees charged for paying monthly and explains how to apply for the Low Income Fee Reduction (if you qualify).
Letter 3030CProvides an explanation of the tax, penalty, and interest still due on your account.
Letter 3127CA confirmation of your request to make a change to your Installment Agreement. This IRS letter explains the fees for the change. Changes can be to the payment amount or due date, or it can include additional liabilities.
Letter 3174A reminder of taxes due after the IRS has sent a Notice of Intent to Levy.
Letter 3217CThe IRS has accepted your request to pay the balance in installments. This IRS letter provides your payment amount, the due date, and fees charged. The letter also provides instructions on applying for the Low Income Fee Reduction (if you qualify).
Letter 3228 (LT 39)A request to pay the balance due within 10 days using the envelope provided.
Letter 3500The IRS has received your documents, and it needs additional time to review them.
Letter 3572Your Federal Income Tax Return has been selected for examination. The IRS auditor requests that you call to schedule an audit appointment.
Letter 4883CThe IRS received your federal income tax return but needs more information to verify your identity in order to process your tax return accurately.
Letter 4903 (LT 26)You must file your tax returns immediately. The IRS has previously contacted you, but it did not receive a response.
Letter LP 47The IRS is trying to locate the person identified in the letter and is requesting that you provide their new address.
Letter LP 59The IRS has not received a response to the notice of levy it previously sent.
Audit Letter 2205The IRS manages audits either by mail or through an in-person interview to review your records. The interview may be at an IRS office (office audit) or the taxpayer’s home, place of business, or accountant’s office (field audit).
Letter 915You recently underwent an audit, and the IRS informs you that you now owe taxes.

Key takeaways

  • IRS Letter 3185 notifies you of an underpayment due to Schedule C discrepancies.
  • Review the letter carefully, and take prompt action by paying or disputing the assessment.
  • Responding quickly can help avoid penalties and additional interest charges.
  • If you disagree, gather documentation and follow the appeal process outlined in the letter.

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